0 ITEM
Ministry of Agriculture set a target: this year to promote the full biodegradable mulch 5 million mu!
On March 16, 2022, the agriculture NongCunBu agricultural ecology and resource protection station issued by the 2022 film science use recycling pilot technical guidance, in key areas with membrane, this year will be around to promote thickening high strength film of 50 million mu, total biodegradable film of 5 million mu, from the source reduction, the use of management and the end of the recycling process, The system solves the problems of difficult recovery and high replacement cost of traditional plastic film.
Ministry of Agriculture instructions, focus on the promotion of these two mulch!
Technical Guidance on Scientific Use and Recovery of Plastic Film Pilot
Agricultural Ecology and Resource Protection Station, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs
Promoting the scientific use and recycling of plastic film is an important measure to ensure food security and effective supply of important agricultural products, effectively solve the problem of "white pollution" in farmland and promote the green development of agriculture. From 2022, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and the Ministry of Finance, together with relevant departments, will organize the pilot work of scientific use and recycling of plastic mulch, focusing on promoting thickened high-strength plastic mulch and fully biodegradable plastic mulch, and improving the recycling and utilization level of plastic mulch. In order to promote the pilot work scientifically and orderly, the technical guidance is formulated as follows.
1. Basic Principles
1. Balancing production and ecology Scientific use of plastic film covering technology, give full play to the function of increasing temperature and preserving moisture, ensure stable agricultural production, strengthen plastic film recycling and reduction substitution, effectively protect and improve the quality of agricultural ecological environment.
2. Placing equal emphasis on quality and efficiency Strengthen the quality source control of plastic film products, strictly implement the performance indicators and environmental safety requirements of plastic film products, strengthen the recycling guidance of plastic film use, improve the yield and quality of crops, and improve the recycling value of waste plastic film.
(3) Persisting in parallel research and promotion. Continue to strengthen the scientific use of plastic film recycling key technologies, products and equipment research, improve the technical regulations, summarize the typical model, steady and orderly advance the pilot work.
Ii. Product indicators
(1) thickening of high strength film
Product thickness, mechanical properties and other indicators should not be lower than the relevant requirements of class I aging resistant film in "POLYETHYLENE blow molded Agricultural Ground Covering Film" (GB 13735-2017), where the nominal thickness of the product is not less than 0.015mm, and the effective covering time is not less than 180 days. And the mechanical performance indexes such as maximum tensile load and nominal fracture strain after use are no less than 50% of the initial value. The specific indexes are determined by each province according to the actual situation to ensure that the plastic film can be effectively recycled after use. The raw materials of the products shall not be added with recycled materials and additives which are clearly prohibited by the state and are not conducive to crop growth and harmful soil. The total ash content shall be controlled within 0.5%.
(2) fully biodegradable mulching film
Thickness, mechanical properties and other indicators of the product should comply with the requirements of "Fully biodegradable Agricultural Ground Covering Film" (GB/T 35795-2017). The main components are aliphatic polyester, aliphatic aromatic copolyethylene and other biomass materials with complete degradation characteristics, and no olefin raw materials such as polyethylene and polypropylene are allowed. Can add appropriate proportion of starch, cellulose, etc., as well as other no environmental harm filler, functional additives. The water vapor transmittance of the product is below 400g/ (square meter •24h), and the effective service life is more than 60 days. The specific indicators are determined by different regions according to crop types and production conditions.
Three, technical points
(1) Reduction at the source
Considering regional water and heat resource conditions and crop growth and development needs, and taking into account the input of mulching and crop output benefits, the suitability evaluation indexes of mulching were put forward according to local conditions, and the suitable zones of mulching were demarcated scientifically. On the basis of full investigation and research, through varieties breeding, planting system optimization and other ways, scientific promotion of non-film shallow buried drip irrigation, water retention agent application, straw mulching replacement and other technologies according to local conditions, reduce the amount of plastic film; Through the promotion of multi-season or multi-year use of a film, film coverage reduction and other technologies, reduce the use of film intensity and investment.
(2) field mulch
1. Thickening and covering with high strength plastic film. According to the regional climate characteristics and actual production, each region chooses a reasonable way and time of mulching, and pays great attention to the key links such as fertilization in land preparation, ridging and mulching, and sowing soil moisture at the right time. According to the product performance index, timely improve the planting, mulching and other supporting equipment and agronomic measures.
2. Fully biodegradable mulching film. It is advisable to choose plots with convenient drainage and irrigation, adequate water source and loose soil structure. Soil preparation should be carried out in depth according to soil moisture content during sowing to remove crop residues and stones in the soil to ensure smooth soil surface and avoid premature damage of mulching film in the laying process. When soil water content is appropriate, soil preparation is generally more than 1 rotation tillage, and organic fertilizer can be applied into the soil with rotation tillage operation to avoid direct contact with organic fertilizer by mulching film. When laying the film tensioning moderately, close to the soil bed, can be every 2-3 meters to cover the amount of soil windproof. When using drip irrigation system, it is necessary to avoid long-term contact with drip irrigation belt when laying mulching film. In arid areas, irrigation frequency and amount can be appropriately increased, and long-term water storage on the film should be avoided to prevent premature degradation of the film.
(3) picking up in the field
1. Pick up by hand. After the completion of the functional coverage period of the polyethylene film, the film surface has not been significantly damaged before, can take artificial appropriate pick up and recovery. After crop harvest or before sowing, artificial ditching can be used along the side of the film with hoe and other tools, so that the film in the soil is completely exposed, and artificial film pulling is carried out along the film covering direction from the field.
2. Mechanical pickup. After crop harvest, a single machine for residue film recovery or a combined machine for straw crushing and returning to the field and residue film recovery should be used for land flattening and film mulching in contiguous areas. Small single-type residual film recovery machine or compound combined machine is used in the area of unconcentrated continuous film mulching and small field area. Before sowing in the next season, spring teeth, rake and other recycling machinery can be used to recycle residual film in the plough layer. Can be in mechanical pick up, artificial left in the farmland film and field machinery can not pick up the area for pick up. The quality of mechanical picking up operation should meet the requirements of "Operation Quality of Residual Film Recycling Machine" (NY/T 1227-2019), and effectively reduce the impurity rate of recovered residual film.
(4) Recycling
Unified collection. Set up special waste plastic film recycling stations for unified recycling. After picking up the waste mulch in the field, it is necessary to carry out cleaning treatment and timely send it to the recycling site. It is not allowed to be discarded, buried or burned at will. Local governments should explore and summarize effective recycling models in light of local conditions, strengthen the implementation of subsidy policies, and establish and improve long-term recycling mechanisms. The site selection, layout and scale of the recycling site should be coordinated with the economic development status, transportation convenience and the amount of plastic film used within the area, so as to facilitate delivery and transportation and conform to the principle of high efficiency and environmental protection. Encourage plastic film recycling system with supply and marketing cooperation system, garbage treatment, renewable resources system. The recycling site should have the necessary enclosure facilities, and after the waste plastic film is classified, bundled and packed, it should be sent to the nearest recycling and processing enterprises for treatment in time.
2. Resource utilization. According to the actual situation in various places, waste plastic film recycling and processing enterprises can take a variety of ways for resource utilization, such as regenerative granulation, fuel extraction, fuel power generation, wood plastic production and so on. Regeneration granulation is a widely used method at present. Through classification and screening, membrane impurity separation, crushing, cleaning, dehydration and leaching, melting and plasticizing, cutting and granulation and other technological processes, water saving, energy saving, high efficiency and low pollution technology and equipment are selected to realize the processing and reuse of waste plastic film. For waste mulching film with high content of straw impurities, difficulty in sorting and low recycling value, special equipment can be used to expand the diversified treatment path of waste mulching film.
Four, notes
(1) strictly control the quality of plastic film products. To strengthen the regulation of plastic product quality, in the spring planting season were the key organizations to carry out the sampling mulch sales market, actively guide farmers to use qualified plastic products, strict enforcement of relevant product quality standards, increasing joint supervision law enforcement, it is strictly prohibited to non-standard mulch production, sale, use, pilot area mulch to ensure and reach 100% product index requirements of this advice is put forward.
2. Making pilot work more scientific All provinces should organize research and formulate technical plans for scientific use and recovery of plastic film suitable for their own regions, improve the operability of the technology, give full play to the guiding role of experts, and strengthen technical guidance and services to pilot counties. Application effect in a timely manner, summarize experience and technology, the research difficulty bottleneck, developed a number of simple, efficient and economic pick up recycling machinery, concise a number of typical technical pattern, to form a group of technical regulations, actively explore the full biodegradable plastic mulching in agricultural insurance and other supporting policies, to ensure the pilot projects for scientific and effective.
3. Monitoring, investigation and evaluation To establish village, township (town), county (city, area) level 3 plastic recycled management parameter, the agricultural production enterprises, professional cooperatives, such as planting large film parameter records should be improved and the old plastic recycling site and recycling processing enterprises, recycling parameter should be improved and the reasonable layout membrane application investigation and residual contamination monitoring points, timely grasp the area pollution dynamic change, We will evaluate the effectiveness of the pilot projects in a scientific way.
